Li-Fi technology goes viral in modern world

Li-Fi technology goes viral in modern world

 The Technology what we re seeing today are updating so fast that it becomes useless after few years when new trend of technology enters into the field.

Everything in the world needs update including humans who learns always new things.
 This updates in technology constantly makes older's one's cheaper and demand for new technology constantly growing.

 Because of this advancement in technology it became available to even common people who cannot afford those prices.

  The world is shifting towards technology and things related to it.

 Around 4 billion people can capable of operating computer systems on their own.

  As a result there is a constant generation of DATA occurs from them which they send it through means of online communication.

  So the amount of DATA generated and transferred over internet has increased.

AS a result there is urgent need to Speed up data transfer over the internet in terms of uploading and downloading contents.

  There are many technologies which took birth due to this rising need.
 Mainly

 2G,GSM,CDMA,WCDMA,HSUPA,

HSPDA,HSUPA,HSPA,LTE,TRUE LTE,5G

 AND SO ON.

These are just the cellular networks that can able to transfer data through long distances
.
The speed in these sort of technologies increased through several parallel input and output methods.

 We are in the era where speeds can be up to 30 mbps but most of the countries cannot able to afford this.

 When it comes to short communications through wireless in limited areas new technology such as Wi-Fi is being invented to satisfy all the needs of local communications through wireless.

 Wi-Fi alliance whose Wi-Fi products and devices works on IEEE 802.11 standards.

 The devices which can handle wifi transmissions both uplink and downlinks are 
computers,smart tv,game consoles,mobiles,tablets,digital cameras, bluetooth players,wireless printers and scanners and intrnet of things.

WI-Fi support both bands 2.4 gigahertz UHF and 5.8 gigahertz SHF ISM radio bands.
 ALOHAnet with ALOHA PROTOCOL was first version of ethernet.

802.11  protocol started in 1997 with 2 mbits/s speed.

with in just wo years updated technology of earlier ones 802.11b protocal with 11Mbits/s released

SEVERAL advancement in technology took place

later 802.11 b/g/n/ac all types were discovered with increasing speed in transmission in every stage has occured.

 the present wifi technology can able to transmit at the speed of 2 gbps which is a huge improvement of transmission over wireless.

 This wifi tranmission takes place through several layers PHY-1.PHY-2,MAC FILTER,TCP/IP PROTOCAL LAYER And more which ensures safe transfer of Data over wifi

 Wifi uses WPA,WPA2,WPS PUSH BUTTON, APEK,TKIP(encryption) BUT IT CAN EASILY  BE DECODED .

This wifi is connect to internet service provider which identifies each device in wifi through unique SSID (service set identifier) broadcast ID.

This Wifi uses radio spectrum which has limited band width.

  Due to increase in use of WIFI in cities,public areas,campus wide wifi,open places interference between networks has taken place and bandwidth allotment for everyone has reduced.

  Now there is again urgency to discover new techniques in order to satisfy this demanding high bandwidth and needs.

  THE LI-FI TECHNOLOGY HAS EMERGED OUT OF THIS NEED.

 LI-FI IS A sort of visible light communication which is bidirectional wireless communication transmit data as high as 224 gbps per second.

 THE LI-FI SPECTRUM RANGES FROM INFRARED AND NEAR ULTRA VOILET WHICH HAS HUGE BANDWIDTH UNLIKE RF-BANDWIDTH.

LI-FI USES LED AS A MEDIUM FOR COMMUNICATION PURPOSE.

THE DIODES OF LED SWITCHES ON AND OFF AT VERY HIGH SPEED WHICH CAN CAN BE USED TO GENERATE AND TRANSMIT O AND 1 BITS THROUGH WIRELESS.

 Unlike WIFI,LIFI IS SENSITIVE TO WALLS AND OBSTACLES WHICH MAKES ITS RANGE OF TRANSMISSION LIMITED TO SHORT DISTANCE i.e TO A SINGLE ROOM.

LI-Fi can be used in electromagnetic sensitive areas such as hospitals aeroplane cabines,nuclear power plants cpu manufaturing lab.

LIFI which uses visible light to transfer data does no harm with radiation Whereas wi-fi which radiates radio signals can harm with long term exposure.

LI-fi works on 802.15.7 which uses orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OOFM) 

modulation methods,MAC LAYER,PHYSICAL LAYER(PHY-1,PHY-2,PHY-3) TO transmit 

files audios and videos.THE phy-1,2 can be altered by on-off keying(OOK),VPPM(variable 
pulse position modulation).

Manchester coding represents a logic 0 by ook symbol "01" and logic 1 by symbol "10" with DC component(avoid light extinction when extended run of logic 0's occur.) includes clock inside the transmitted data.

 LI-FI technology in future is mainly used by automating the houses and no security issues arises as no signal can penetrate into the walls.

 LI-FI technology can be made available to many devices even vehicles and all internet of things can able to operate with it.

 The setup and installation for this technology can cost huge amount but when technology even advances it can easily available alike Wifi.

 Visible light communication (VLC) is 10,000 times bigger than radio spectrum bandwidth which is huge and can serve to entire human kind.

 in 2011,at TED GLOBAL TALK,PROFESSOR HARALD HAAS INTRODUCED IDEA OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION THROUGH LIGHT AND COINED THE TERM LI-FI.
   

Many more technologies are taking birth and Super WIfi  is on its way to reach us as quickly as possible.

  This internet communication through bandwidth allotment should be made availabe for free.
It should not be commercialized.

New methods of DATA accessing such as cloud computing increases so that person where ever he goes can able to access the stored data with advancement

in wireless communication and increse in speed.
 There is even huge market for LI-FI based products in future.
 Unlike wifi ,lifi do not drain battery because it gains energy in terms of power over time due to
intake of light energy falling on it.

GOING VIRAL 👍DARK ENERGY AND DARK MATTER

DARK ENERGY AND DARK MATTER

The universe is so huge that is even bigger than our thoughts.

Many scientists are working really harder to make unknown things known to humans.
New things are discovered daily around the world by researchers.

As a matter of fact that we are in the age new era where tehnology dominates most.
 Evn to know more there were researches going on to discover more.
  Popular fields among research is about universe.
 Scientists has found  a new things known as DARK MATTER AND DARK ENERGY IN SPACE.

 Baryonic matter made of protons and neutrons but dark matter is just a hypothetical one which gives solution for complex astronomical observations and problems.

 Scientists thought this dark matter is responsible for structure and formation of galaxies and also cosmic microwave background.

  Before the hypothesis came to be known everyone thought that space around the stars and planets are just empty and no matter is present in between.

 Dark energy and dark matter cannot be observed by our human experiments by gives many solutions to problems of universe if assumed some sort of matter and energy present in universe,
  The space is expanding and scientists have given the name dark energy to the expansion generating force or substance of the universe.

 Dark energy which is the reverse of gravity which involves in pushing things away than pulling towards it.

 No theory has ever explained about this phenomena.
The astronomers in 1998 found that supernovae found to be dimmer and less brighter than expected to be.

  The US GOVERNMENT JDEM(JOINT DARK ENERGY MISSION) EXAMINED ABOUT THE TYPE LA SUPERNOVAE,DYING WHITE DWARFS DUE TO THEIR HIGH CONSISTENT LUMINOSITY WHICH ENDED IN 2010 WHICH WILL REPLACE  WFIRST(WIDE-FIELD INFRARED SURVEY TELESCOPE).





 In 1929,the expanding universe was discovered by Edwin Hubble which got attention after a decade which actually overtook all existing ides about universe that universe would contract and get collapsed termed big crunch.


Dark matter does not interact with any sort of radiation whereas ordinary baryons does.
This expanding behaviour generally observed by means of red shift and blue shift of light..
 The super clusters expand slower than what anticipated by cosmologic studies


 due to gravity around them
.

Several theories such as 

1.Dark energy
2.conformal gravity
3.entropic gravity.
4.dark electromagnetism.
5.unparticle physics 
have been proposed which still couldnot give exact behaviour of our universe.


 This dark matter and energy combinely constitute around 95.1% in total with density around   which is very low.

HAWAII ISLAND FORMATION-ONE OF THE AMAZING THINGS IN EARTH.

HAWAII ISLAND FORMATION-ONE OF THE AMAZING THINGS IN EARTH.
  This hawaii islands are located in northern pacific ocean covering 3,600 miles long.
 These are highly studied under volcanic eruptions.
 Hawaii archipelago are formed due to volcanic eruptions from the volcanic hotspots that are located at depth around 10000 meters deep in north pacific ocean.

 Over millions of years ago many volcanic eruptions had taken place.The magma that is erupted as seamounts and atolls reach surface from depth and forms as huge tectonic plates(hawaii archipelago) which moves towards northwest of pacific ocean.
 As time progress,this  plates form chain links and restructured as a huge surface plates covering entire north west pacific area.
  Many volcanoes are still been active even now and erupting thousands of tons of magma into the surface which cools down and forming seamount chain.
  The early Hawaiians thought and recognized that age of volcanoes increases as they move towards northwest.
 this helps geologists to calculate the speed of motion of this volcanic plates with difference in the ages.
  This entire erupted semounts from group of hawaii hotspots consists of 
7,50,000 square kilometers which took around 85 million years to settle.
 The youngest ones of all those seamount named LOIHI will probably become new island after millions of years.
 Many theories have been proposed till now to explain the formation of Hawaii archipelago.Among them most popular ones are
1.Stationary hotspot theory of wilson
2.moving hotspot theory.
3.shallow hot spot hypothesis
4.ancient hawaiian theory
 The most convincing way to explain about formation of hawaiian plates is
 the upper layer of earth crust are not evenly distributed which in turn always adjusts itself due to earths rotation which causes the upper layer crust of earth to move.
 This movement of layers causes disturbances and create space inbetween them.
 One layer of earth surface enters into another which raises the height of land mass and create even more spaces in between.The temperature inside those layers increased and any volcanic spots present in between faces huge pressure due to overlapping of layers and the spaces in between are filled with this volcanic matter waiting for its eruption.When surface of volcanic spot become thin or even a small earthquakes occur near volcanic spots makes volcano burst and release huge amount magma from it.
 This takes millions of years and finally as well known hawaii archipelago type islands are formed.
 The one stated above even is the hypothesis not approved yet.
These hawaii islands are well known for the tourist spots makes US government earn millions of dollars from it .
 Many volcanic hotspots are extincted but few of them are still erupting contains less seamounts.
 But who knows may be there is a volcano hotspot waiting under the deep ocean to erupt creating huge pressure on oceans which in turn causes tsunamis and makes over life threaten.
 The magma mainly consisted of elements such as strontium-niobium-palladium in different propositions.
 The study about these hotspots present in hawaii makes clear of how volcanoes are formed on earth.

NANOTECHNOLOGY-THE FUTURE TECHNOLOGY

NANOTECHNOLOGY-THE FUTURE TECHNOLOGY
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 We can't imagine into how many fields this nanotechnology has entered.Nanotechnology has the vast diversity in many fields.



  NANOTECHNOLOGY IS MAINLY CONCERNED ABOUT NANO PARICLES.
  This nano particles are about the size of the molecules and can be incorporated in vast variety of products and fields.


  The main reason for the development of nanotechnology is about nano particles  to make materials or things  increase  in strength,durability,stiffness,tensile strength,long losting ,high performance ,low cost manufacturing,light weight and lot more.



 Few examples of this nano particles are titanium dioxide,aluminium particles,copper particles,carbon,silicon particles.....



The main aim of this technolgy is even to make products as small as a few nanometers in length.
 This nano field has many diversities and penetrated into even more fields.


 The extensive use of nanotechnology is growing in industrial fields were lot of things are daily discovered by incorporating this nano particles into materials.Around 900 new products were discovered by the use of this technology and even around 3-4 new products were entering into market into weekly bias.


   The fields that associated with this nanotechnology are

1.nano biotechnolgy.
2.nano technology in medical field.
3.applictions of nanotechnology in energy .
4.Industry oriented applications.
5.Green nano technology about environment.


 Even more field are advancing using this nano sort of techniques.
  This technology mainly used for industrial purposes and commercially availabe.
 Several goods and machinaries were being under development.


    industries which uses nanotechnology is mainly

 1.military purposes

 In which nanoparticles are injected into uniform of milllitary soldiers which give protection from high temerature and vulnerable conditions.
This nano particles get surrounded around when impact occurs in soldiers uniform and gives additional strength

on impact area by grouping tightly this nano particles.

 This nano particles even diagnose situation of soldiers and tightly hold the injured area and release drugs such as pain killers not to worsen the soldiers condition until rescue teams comes to the area.

  This nano partiles can even communicate with each other with differing wavelengths and infrares signature. so that no third person can hear their conversion.
Some more advanced technology in this field has proven that Change in colour of uniform takes place according to place an d conditions automatically.


2.In food industry

This nanotechnology mainly help people to manufacture high quality safe food by detecting bacteria and monitering food conditions with biosensors.

 Smart food processing systems  and encapsulation of compounds of bioactive foods are the emerging areas of research in this field.

Silver nano particles are placed inside food packegingto lower oxidation of food and increase life of food particles.

According to food ,drug ,cosmetic actnadn FDA modernization act of 1997.
 The food should not be aldulterated by adding harmful additives interms of food colour and taste.

 New food were discovered such as Canola active oil,nanotea,chocolate slim shake in which nanodrops additive were added which supplies vitamins and minerals.

 3.Consumer Goods mainly about surface and coating.

Used in ceramic or glasses to improve smoothness and hat resist o flat iron a common household equipment.

4,nano optics were increasing to precise the pupile repair effectively and curate in laser eye treatment.

5.In textile field

where clothes were manufactured from nano fibres which is effective to water and wrinkle,light.This nano fibres contains carbon particles which give full surface protection from electrostatic charges.

6.cosmetics 

sunscreen manufactured by using this techniques gives more Uv light protection.mainly titanium dioxide is used in sunscreen lotions.

7.vehicle design

mainly to decrease weight of aeroplanes by combining nanoparticles in aluminium compound which increases strength and decrease weight and altimately decrease in fuel consumption.

8.for medical purpose

to know person suffering from pain ,stress,diseases by just sending few nano sensors into body and monitor exact conditions.

9.In designing high quality weapons.
 No more progress as expected by aim of this is to make more powerful with low weight and resist to all conditions.

10.catalytic process

in order to increase the rate of chemical reaction by incresing surface area of obsorbant .

France research lab has conducted expriement of conversion of carbon dioxide to use full compounds and got a solution in order to decrease environment pollution.

 Found that methanol is prepared from carbon dioxide which can be ued as fuel instead of petroleum compound.

11.construction
field has huge impact by combing nanoparticles with cement ,steel to give high strength.
12.paintings and wall coatings.

in order to heal the area of coating caused due to temperature,rain,pollutants in air
this anoparticles combined which give self healing property thereby losts longer.

13.in protecting buildings from fire known as fire resistant and skratch resistant.

14.in games and sports kit make light weight and sweet proof,high strength and durability to some objects.

15. mainly used in communication 

Nano sensors were used to make home really smart by monitoring outside weather ,diagnose persons behaviour and show on screens automatically.
 This decreases the privacy of a person in turn.

16.
When high nanoparticles enters into human body which may cause huge adverse effects.
  Even many fields are being able to use this technology by varying methods.
  

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SELF DRIVING(ROBOTIC CARS) THINGS EVERYONE SHOULD KNOW.

SELF DRIVING(ROBOTIC CARS) THINGS EVERYONE SHOULD KNOW. 


 When cars were came into US MARKET in 1900 S,everyone thought it as an amazing thing and wanted to buy those cars.



 Many people were owned cars and stated enjoying the comforts it provides while travelling.
  Even those people Who are opposing the artificial mechanism of carrying the people got positive opinion on cars.



  The market for cars sales has increased drastically since then.

 Many companies and multi billionaires in USA invested on manufacturing of cars as a result many companies such as


MERCEDES-BENZ,VOLKSWAGEN,TESLA,AUDI,BOSCH, so on has taken the leading role in selling the cars.

  People are attracted towards cars more and more and started buying cars.
  Today nearly even US citizen owned atleast one car.

  The cars are even sold on several brand names.
   Many people got employed as a result of this in many aspects from car designing to car drivers.



  Millions of people got work due to this technology.
  Even countries like INDIA,malaysia,south africa,china and many developing countries adopting this sort of technology and many people are attracted towards this.

  Countries like england,france,japan,
understand the needs of different countries and started establishing automobile plants in and around the world.



   Now the trend has shifting slowly 
by the advancement in technology.

Mutinational companies like google,apple,Volks wagen and lot are investing huge amounts billions of dollars on developing 
SELF DRIVING ROBOTIC CARS.


  Lot of technical experts are being working hard in those companies in order to design those self driving cars.




 This autonomous cars cars firstly appeared in 1980 s which travelled around 2,797 miles with average speed of 63.8 miles per hour.

 Many companies are conducting various experiments on improving the overall performance of the car.
  companies conducting experiments on automated cars are


1.alphabet(google)
in 2012 annouced that their vehicles have completed travellng 3,00,000 miles with accident free
2.uber
 in march 2017,the vehicle involved accident in arizona.
3.in 1999, mercedes introduced distronic the first radar assisted aac named benz-s-class
4in 2017,audi
A8 autonomous car introduced.



The autonomous cars has 5 levels of control
in which level 1 has many issues and level2 automated can work with driver and system,
level 3 is fully controlled by system
and level4 is even more advanced fully controll automated systems.
level 5 is one in which no human interaction is required at all.



The first tragedy occure during testing automated cars is one  that is tesla auto pilot in which the driver got dead due to fault in system recognising objects.

Even many accident occured due to faults in designing software.
  The self driving cars mainly communicate through communicating another nearby car by sharing data within it.



 The automated cars mainly communicate through radar,odometry,gps,light,computer vision.
 It has advanced control systems to interpret sensory information to navigate paths,find objects infront.



 Several factors pulls the growth of self driving cars suh as
1.political factors.
2.Ethical problems
3.unemployments and job losts.
4.high cost establishment.
5.less awareness among people.
6. fear of fully automated machines.
7.lack in technology.
8.hacking of systems and take control over it.
9.lack of reliability on cars.
10.no software realiability and no advanced Artificial intelligence systems.
11.less technical knowlede.
and lot



  Due to this self driving cars traffic problem in many areas IN US are going to be resolved.
  Survey conducted regarding self drived cars mainly tells that about 55% around the world are satisfied with the existing driver cars and 40% around said that they are interested in advanced automated cars.


And 5% are unable to tell anything.
 these cars required high quality specialized maps and suitable spectrum to communicate between cars.

The cars require high data transfer technology which is only possible by 5th generation technology.


 many animated and science fiction films were directed .

 AUTOMATED FUCTIONS DONE BY THESE CARS ARE
1AUTOMATIC PARKING OF CARS.
2.PRECASH SYSTEMS.
3,AUTONOMOUS CRUISE CONTROL SYSTEMS AND MORE



 The US government havenot taken any decision on approval of automated cars in congress due to high loss in jobs of people.

If it got approved then we will see in no time these cars are moving around us


Hope the future is so bright with those advanced self drived cars.
  
thank you